Sunday, February 5, 2012

Comparing And Contrasting Vocational Certificates And Associate's Degrees

Comparing And Contrasting Vocational Certificates And Associate's Degrees-Vocational

For many students who are considering furthering their instruction to heighten their career readiness, a vocational certificate is an option that comes up frequently. In many cases, however, students who look into pursuing a vocational certificate are also faced with another option: an Associate's degree. It can be difficult to settle whether a vocational program or an Associate's degree is your best bet for enhancing your employment potential, but taking the time to learn about both options can help you to make your decision.

Vocational

First of all, it is foremost to settle what area of the workforce you are concerned in so that you can opt your best educational option. Depending on the career you hope to have, one option may be good than another. For example, if there is a definite skill-based trade you hope to enter, a vocational certificate may be your best bet, whereas another field may value an Associate's degree instead.

Keep in mind that a vocational program prepares you directly for a line of work. You will make hands-on skills, and you will custom applying them to discrete scenarios. For students who are hoping to gain practical knowledge that is directly applicable to their career goals, a vocational certificate program is often the way to go. Typically, students graduate with the skills and knowledge they need to enter the workforce immediately.

An Associate's degree program may get ready you for a definite career, but you will experience more academic preparation. Keep in mind that unlike a vocational program, an two-year degree program will involve true college coursework that includes normal subjects in addition to subjects that are more career-specific. An Associate's degree may be more of a challenge for you, academically, but in some cases, it will good get ready you for the future. In addition, many two-year degree programs can become four-year degrees, if you pick to pursue further education.

The expenses of a postsecondary educational program typically rank high among the concerns of prospective students. The truth is that a vocational certificate program will typically be less costly than an Associate's degree. It is up to you to settle if an Associate's degree will furnish a good return on your venture or if a vocational certificate is your best choice.

Are you implicated about the amount of time you will be spending in school? An Associate's degree takes about two years for a full-time trainee to earn, whereas a vocational program is often much shorter. The length of a vocational certificate program can vary, but it often takes less time to earn than a two-year degree, depending on your full or part-time status.

As for employer preference, that all depends on what field you hope to work in. Keep in mind that many employers prefer a vocational certificate to an Associate's degree, because candidates are often good prepared with job-specific skills.

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Saturday, February 4, 2012

The Vocational specialist & Virginia group security Disability - What You Need to Know?

The Vocational specialist & Virginia group security Disability - What You Need to Know?-Vocational

Mr. Smith came to me after he has lost his Virginia social safety disability hearing. He said there was some "doctor" at the hearing. This "doctor" said Mr. Smith could work as a cashier, facts clerk, or reputation clerk but Mr. Smith complained he had only worked construction. How could he say I could do jobs that I have never done before? Mr. Smith did not understand his claim and that is why he lost his case. A short explanation of the role of the Vocational specialist will explain his mistake.

Vocational

The Vocational specialist (Ve) will be a person who specializes in Vocational Rehabilitation. He will often have a PhD in this field. Thus, he will not be a healing doctor but he often will have a doctorate in the field of rehabilitation.

Prior to the hearing, the social safety Judge will send out a notice about the hearing. This notice will also say whether or not a Ve will be asked to testify at the hearing. It will list the name of the Ve.

Usually, the Judge will want a Ve at the hearing because he has reviewed the file and has made a preliminary decision that the claimant cannot do his past relevant work (Prw) based on the healing evidence. social safety then has the burden of proof to show what light or sedentary jobs the claimant can do with his work restrictions. The easiest way for the Judge to meet social Security's burden of proof is by using the Ve. He will ask the Ve a hypothetical ask such as assuming the claimant cannot stand for more than two hours in a day and cannot lift more than ten pounds is there any jobs in the national economy this former construction laborer can do? The Ve will then list jobs such as cashier, facts clerk, or reputation clerk. These are jobs within the restrictions listed by the Judge. Because there are jobs Mr. Smith could still do the Judge found he was not disabled.

It also would have been more difficult for Mr. Smith if he had had full, transferable skills from his prior jobs. Usually, the more extremely skilled the Prw is then the more transferable skills the claimant will have. It is also the job of the Ve to recognize those transferable skills. The more that are identified then the harder it will be for the claimant to win his case.

But Mr. Smith said: (1) the Ve did not think the side effects of my medications; (2) the Ve did not think my severe pain; (3) he did not think I have to prop up my leg 50% of the day; (4) he did not think I walk with a cane; etc. I had to tell Mr. Smith if these restrictions were not included in the Judge's ask then the Ve would not think them. If these restrictions were mandated by the healing evidence, then Mr. Smith could have a good case for an appeal. But such an petition of a Judge's decision can take years. However, all of this could have avoided if Mr. Smith had contacted an experienced social safety Attorney before his unsuccessful hearing who would have cross-examined the Ve on these issues.

Conclusion: A Ve will often testify at social safety Hearings. As a claimant like Mr. Smith, you need to know the role of the Ve. You need to know he may advise other jobs you can do. You need to consult an attorney about this possibility.

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Friday, February 3, 2012

preparation for the Ugc Net in English Literature

preparation for the Ugc Net in English Literature-Aptitude Test

The Ugc conducts National Eligibility Test (Net) in discrete subjects of Humanities, along with English, and communal Sciences, for the award of Junior explore Fellowship (as well as Lectureship) for pursuing Ph. D. level research. The test comprises three session papers. The first paper is of general nature, intended to correlate the explore (or teaching) aptitude, without excluding reasoning ability, comprehension, and general awareness of the candidates. The second paper consists of short-answer questions based on the branch opted by the candidates.

Aptitude Test

The third paper contains only visible questions. It has four sections. Section I requires candidates to write a critique of a given passage. The questions in section Ii are definitional or seek particular data in short respond form. Section Iii relates to analytical or evaluative questions on the candidate's major specialization / elective , as preferred. Section Iv is based on essay types questions on general themes and contemporary , theoretical , or of disciplinary relevance to test the candidates ' potential to expound critically a branch with discrimination.

Seen in this light, the two books under delineate seek to help aspiring candidates get ready for answering objective- type questions in English literature. Manoj Kumar's book is composed to serve as a institution book for the Ugc' s Net and postgraduate students in English, providing "subjective material as well as objective questions" needful for good making ready (Preface).

The author has divided the 'textbook' into ten units, providing the basic data about British literature from the Age of Chaucer to the contemporary period , American Literature, Indian English literature, Literatures in translation, Literary law and Criticism, and Rhetoric and Prosody.

Each unit begins with a brief mention of the author's names and major works that make them notable, followed by objective-type questions (with four options). There is no subjective elaboration, nor is there a uniform pattern in the estimate of items (which vary between 101 to 138 from Unit I to Ix) or their contents. It is at best haphazard.

In Unit I , for example, Geoffrey Chaucer's name (in bold type), does not show his years of birth and death, but the entry on William Langland shows this. The years of birth and death are not l shown for John Gower, John Barbour, Sir John Mandeville, John Wycliff, Sir Thomas Malory and James I on page 1. Similarly, the publication date for some books are given but for others, it is missing. A uniform pattern should have been followed for each author, from the starting to the end.

One also expects to find a short write-up on the general traits or characteristics about each of the ages/ periods alongside the major contributors that form the bulk of the objective-type questions. There should have been a proper 'match' between what Manoj Kumar calls "subjective knowledge " of literature and objective questions for sufficient institution from Unit I to Vii.

However, he does write a readable introductory comment in Unit Viii (on American Literature and Indian English writers) and Unit Ix (an Literary law and Criticism). The last Unit (on Rhetoric and Prosody), which has only 52 objective items for practising 31 terms is not as well industrialized as the two preceding units.

The list of Booker (from 1969 to 2007) and Nobel (from 1901 to 2007) Prize winners at the end is informative but Manoj Kumar should have also in case,granted the names of the prize-winning books in the last three pages.

The second book, A Key to Literary Forms and Terms, should make up for the short falls in Unit X of Manoj Kumar's textbook. In fact, Sudhir K. Arora claims to have included most of the important literary forms and terms "in capsule form" and in case,granted plenty of multiple-choice institution exercises that should help aspiring candidates accomplish best in the competing exams for fellowship and / or Lectureship in English literature.

In the first 29 pages, Arora has alphabetically arranged 117 literary forms and terms with beneficial references, but no examples. In the section on 'Figures of Speech', Arora has abandoned this arrangement and included terms of rhetoric and prosody in the order it is commonly ready in most books. The examples, however, are helpful.

In both the books the authors have in case,granted a key to all the objective items to self-help candidates in their preparation. However, Manoj Kumar has also added some 250 'Unsolved' items to ensure that serious candidates precisely get ready well.

Given the present state of English Literature teaching in the country, books like A Textbook for Objective Questions in English Literature and A Key to Literary Forms and Terms are helpful to aspiring candidates in developing awareness though it is doubtful these help in developing any needful sense and explore or reasoning ability.

__________________________________________________________

Professor (Dr) R.K.Singh, Head Dept of Humanities & communal Sciences,.

Indian School of Mines University, Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand.

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Thursday, February 2, 2012

Entrepreneurial amelioration in Nigeria

Entrepreneurial amelioration in Nigeria-Vocational

While these statistics bide well for the country's economic prospects, they also serve to reaffirm the vital importance of entrepreneurial improvement in achieving that potential.

Vocational

Past Entrepreneurship Developments

People of the Ibo community in Nigeria are thought about one of the oldest entrepreneurs in history, their expertise stretching back to times before modern currency and trade models had industrialized elsewhere on the planet. In the more modern past, Nigerians adapted their natural talents to evolve former businesses and crafts that have sustained most of the country's rural and urban poor for the good part of the last half century. While the oil boom of the '70s brought in billions of petrodollars, most of the country's people remained untouched by the new-found prosperity, thanks to comprehensive political corruption and catastrophic economic mismanagement. Because of these and other factors, the World Bank estimates that 80% of oil revenues benefited just 1% of the population.

Most of Nigeria's current woes trace back to a historic overdependence on oil to the negligence of all other sectors, including former trades and agriculture. Decades of non-inclusive policies alienated the vast majority of Nigerians, plunging the country into a miasma of ultimate poverty and ravaging civil and political strife. The climate of economic stagnation spawned a colossal informal cheaper that continues to preserve the bulk of Nigeria's 148 million people. It is a measure of Nigeria's inherent entrepreneurial capacity that this informal, unorganised sector presently accounts for 65% of Gross National stock and accounts for 90% of all new jobs.

All these factors have colossal relevance for Nigeria's time to come prospects, even more so inspecting the extent of official neglect and lack of aid and infrastructure that the country's indigenous entrepreneurs have had to overcome. Harnessing the informal cheaper and leveraging its full inherent is a prerequisite for Nigeria to emerge from the shackles of its Third World legacy.

The time to come of Entrepreneurial improvement in Nigeria

It is not as if Nigeria's hopes of economic superiority rest on private optimism and business alone. Right after the reinstatement of democracy in 1999, the government of previous president O Obsanjo unveiled ambitious plans to take the sub-Saharan nation to the top 20 world economies by 2020. Abuja is also a signatory to the Un Millennial declaration of 2000 for the achievement of universal basic human possession - relating to health, education, protection and safety - in a time bound manner by 2015. Both objectives gift colossal challenges for Nigeria in terms of reversing past trends and evolving innovative strategy for sustainable and inclusive growth.

The former focus of Obasanjo's policies centred on accelerated improvement straight through entrepreneurial education (which he made mandatory for college students of all disciplines) and the creation of conditions favourable to a new business regime built on innovation and adaptability. The federal government has since initiated successive programmes aimed at promoting enterprises straight through comprehensive use of technology and socially relevant business models. The extent of success of these and other measures, however, is still a matter of debate.

According to the 2007 Gallup poll, 69% of respondents planning new businesses had no intention of registering their operations, indicating they would still prefer to be part of the informal economy. In light of Nigeria's long-term goals, this is surely bad news.

Obstacles to business Development

Disinterest in the formal cheaper reflects the status of Nigeria's policies and tax regime, which have long been deemed detrimental to the increase of viable enterprises. Even more disturbing is the fact that this continues to be the case despite the energetic reforms process initiated after the return of democracy. It is more than obvious that piecemeal measures are unequal to meeting the challenges that Nigeria has set itself up to.

The following are the most prominent obstacles facing rapid entrepreneurial development:

o Absence of a pro-active regulatory environment that encourages innovative business improvement at the grassroots level.
o significant infrastructural deficits (especially with regards to roads and electricity) and systemic irregularities inimical to small businesses.
o The nearnessy of executive and trade barriers that curtail capacity construction and inhibit entrance to technical support.
o Absence of regulatory mechanisms for efficient oversight of business improvement initiatives, especially those in the Msme space.
o Poor entrance to vocational and skills-development training for rural and urban youths involved in the informal economy.
o Rampant political and bureaucratic corruption, together with the absence of group consensus on prominent macroeconomic policy issues.

More than 73% of Nigerians featuring in the Gallup witness conceded entrance to finance was the single-most prominent hurdle in the way to setting up thriving enterprises. More telling is the fact that about 60% of respondents claimed that current policies, despite the government's focus on business development, do not make it easy to start a business in Nigeria.

Some further Factors to Consider

Forbes Magazine recently sat down with Lagos business School's Peter Bamkole to discuss the current obstacles facing aspiring Nigerian entrepreneurs. The interview outlines three major problems:

* Constrained entrance to local and international markets that stunt entrepreneurial expansion and proliferation.
* Severe infrastructure deficits (mainly of power and electricity) that hamstring both new and existing businesses.
* Inadequate entrance to finance and the absence of a prestige policy that addresses the exact needs of enterprises.

The road to Nigeria's emergence as an economic superpower is muddy and treacherous. More than just optimism, it calls for clever economic manoeuvring that will help turn the country's fortunes around for good.

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